An Approach to Controlling User Models and Personalization Effects in Recommender Systems

Personalization nowadays is a commodity in a broad spectrum of computer systems. Examples range from online shops recommending products identified based on the user’s previous purchases to web search engines sorting search hits based on the user’s browsing history. The aim of such adaptive behavior is to help users to find relevant content easier and faster. However, there are a number of negative aspects of this behavior. Adaptive systems have been criticized for violating the usability principles of direct manipulation systems, namely controllability, predictability, transparency, and unobtrusiveness. In this paper, we propose an approach to controlling adaptive behavior in recommender systems. It allows users to get an overview of personalization effects, view the user profile that is used for personalization, and adjust the profile and personalization effects to their needs and preferences. We present this approach using an example of a personalized portal for biochemical literature, whose users are biochemists, biologists and genomicists. Also, we report on a user study evaluating the impact of controllable personalization on the usefulness, usability, user satisfaction, transparency, and trustworthiness of personalized systems.